Embracing life's challenges: Developing a tool for assessing resilient mindset in second wave positive psychology
Journal of Happiness and Health,
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024),
5 April 2024
,
Page 1-10
https://doi.org/10.47602/johah.v4i1.53
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop and validate the Resilient Mindset Scale (RMS), a brief tool designed to measure resilient mindset among Turkish individuals. Additionally, the study aims to explore the relationship between resilient mindset and mental well-being among adolescents and young adults, providing further evidence in this domain. The exploratory factor analysis, conducted with a sample of 327 participants, revealed that the RMS has a unidimensional structure consisting of six items that effectively measure core indicators of a resilient mindset. Subsequent confirmatory factor analysis, conducted with a sample of 338 participants, confirmed the one-factor structure, demonstrating a good-data model fit with strong factor loadings and internal reliability estimates. Further analyses demonstrated moderate to strong correlations between resilient mindset and mental well-being indicators. Moreover, the latent variables path model revealed that the measurement model had a moderate to strong predictive effect on positive academic functioning, psychological well-being, and psychological distress. These findings establish the psychometric reliability and validity of the RMS as a measurement tool for assessing a resilient mindset among adolescents and young adults. Mental health providers can integrate the concept of a resilient mindset into therapeutic approaches and interventions to foster resilience and enhance mental well-being.
- Resilient mindset, resilience, well-being, positive psychology, second wave positive psychology (PP2.0)
How to Cite
References
Arewasikporn, A., Sturgeon, J. A., & Zautra, A. J. (2019). Sharing Positive Experiences Boosts Resilient Thinking: Everyday Benefits of Social Connection and Positive Emotion in a Community Sample. American Journal of Community Psychology, 63(1–2), 110–121. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12279
Arslan, G. (2016). Psychological maltreatment, emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents: The mediating role of resilience and self-esteem. Child Abuse & Neglect, 52, 200–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.09.010
Arslan, G. (2019). Mediating role of the self–esteem and resilience in the association between social exclusion and life satisfaction among adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 151, Article 109514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109514
Arslan, G. (2020). Measuring emotional problems in Turkish adolescents: Development and initial validation of the Youth Internalizing Behavior Screener. International Journal of School and Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683603.2019.1700860
Arslan, G. (2021). Psychological maltreatment predicts decreases in social wellbeing through resilience in college students: A conditional process approach of positive emotions. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01583-0
Arslan, G. (2021). Psychological well-being in college students: Psychometric properties of the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT) and the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT). Journal of School and Educational Psychology, 1(1), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.47602/josep.v1i1.6
Arslan, G. (2022). Measuring and Promoting Resilience in Youth. In K. A. Allen, M. J. Furlong, D. A. Vella-Brodrick, & S. M. Suldo (Ed.), Handbook of positive psychology in schools (pp. 493–507). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003013778-38
Arslan, G. (2022). Measuring and Promoting Resilience in Youth. In K. A. Allen, M. J. Furlong, D. A. Vella-Brodrick, & S. M. Suldo (Ed.), Handbook of Positive Psychology in Schools (pp. 493–507). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003013778-38
Arslan, G., & Coşkun, M. (2022). Coronavirus–Related Stressors, Resilient Mindset, Loneliness, Depressive Symptoms in College Students: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model. Psychological Reports, 00332941221139721.
Arslan, G., & Wong, P. T. P. (2022). Measuring personal and social responsibility: An existential positive psychology approach. Journal of Happiness and Health, 2(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.47602/johah.v2i1.5
Arslan, G., Yıldırım, M., & Albertova, S. M. (2022). Development and initial validation of the Subjective Academic Wellbeing Measure: A new tool of youth wellbeing in school. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(1), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.47602/jpsp.v6i1.251
Arslan, G., Yıldırım, M., Karataş, Z., Kabasakal, Z., & Kılınç, M. (2022). Meaningful Living to Promote Complete Mental Health Among University Students in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(2), 930–942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00416-8
Caughter, S., & Crofts, V. (2018). Nurturing a resilient mindset in school-aged children who stutter. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 27(3S), 1111–1123. https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-ODC11-17-0189
Chen, C., Chang, S., & Wu, H. (2021). Discovering and approaching mature happiness: The implementation of the CasMac model in a university English class. Frontiers in Education. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2021.648311/full
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233-255. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum.
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
Davydov, D. M., Stewart, R., Ritchie, K., & Chaudieu, I. (2010). Resilience and mental health. Clinical Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.003
Derogatis, L. R., & Fitzpatrick, M. (2004). The SCL-90-R, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and the BSI-18. In M. E. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment: Instruments for adults, Volume 3, 3rd ed. (pp. 1–41). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Du, H., Li, X., Chi, P., Zhao, J., & Zhao, G. (2017). Meaning in life, resilience, and psychological well-being among children affected by parental HIV. AIDS Care, 29(11), 1410–1416. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2017.1307923
Duggan, C., Wilson, C., DiPonio, L., Trumpower, B., & Meade, M. A. (2016). Resilience and Happiness After Spinal Cord Injury: A Qualitative Study. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 22(2), 99–110. https://doi.org/2016060113195300533
Frankl, V. E. (1985). Man's search for meaning. Washington Square Press (Originally published in 1946)
Glover, T. A., & Albers, C. A. (2007). Considerations for evaluating universal screening assessments. Journal of School Psychology, 45(2), 117–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2006.05.005
Gucciardi, D. F. (2020, April 14). Mental toughness: Taking stock and considering new horizons. In G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (4th ed.) (Chp. 6). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119568124.ch6
Hansen, J., Hartwell, C., & Madsen, S. R. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 on Utah Women and Work: Resilient Mindset and Wellbeing (pp. 1–5). Publisher: Utah Women & Leadership Project. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/marketing_facpub/139/
Hansen, S. (2020, November 16). What is resilient mindset and how to build it. Resilience Institute. https://resiliencei.com/blog/resilient-mindset
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53–60.
Hu, T., Zhang, D., & Wang, J. (2015). A meta-analysis of the trait resilience and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 18-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.039
Jans-Beken, L. G. P. J., & Wong, P. T. P. (2019). Development and preliminary validation of the Existential Gratitude Scale (EGS). Counselling Psychology Quarterly. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2019.1656054
Kim, T. H., Lee, S. M., Yu, K., Lee, S., & Puig, A. (2005). Hope and the meaning of life as influences on Korean adolescents’ resilience: Implications for counselors. Asia Pacific Education Review, 6, 143-152.
Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford.
Leung, M. M., Arslan, G., & Wong, P. T. P. (2021). Tragic Optimism as a Buffer Against COVID-19 Suffering and the Psychometric Properties of a Brief Version of the Life Attitudes Scale. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 646843. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646843
Lomas, T., & Ivtzan, I. (2016). Second wave positive psychology: Exploring the positive–negative dialectics of wellbeing. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(4), 1753–1768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9668-y
Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The Construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00164
Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227–238. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.227
Masten, A. S. (2014). Ordinary magic: Resilience in development. In Ordinary magic: Resilience in development. Guilford Press.
McGowan, J. A., Brown, J., Lampe, F. C., Lipman, M., Smith, C., & Rodger, A. (2018). Resilience and Physical and Mental Well-Being in Adults with and Without HIV. AIDS and Behavior, 22(5), 1688–1698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1980-6
Moore, M. (2022, June 23). Mindfulness: The art of cultivating resilience. PsychCentral. https://psychcentral.com/lib/ mindfulness-the-art-of-cultivating-resilience
Mueller, R. O., & Hancock, G. R. (2008). Best practices in structural equation modeling. In J. Osborne (Ed.), Best practices in quantitative methods (pp. 488–510). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Nath, P., & Pradhan, R. K. (2012). Influence of positive affect on physical health and psychological well-being: Examining the mediating role of psychological resilience. Journal of Health Management, 14(2), 161–174. https://doi.org/10.1177/097206341201400206
Scarfe, G., & Baxter, M. (n.d.). Connecting mental toughness and wellbeing in education [Poster presentation]. https://www.academia.edu/42328995/Connecting_Mental_Toughness_and_Wellbeing_in_Education_58154_Poster
Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972
Stevens, J. P. (2009). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Routledge.
Su, R., Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2014). The development and validation of the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT) and the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT). Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 6(3), 251–279. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12027
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
Tay, L., & Jebb, A. (2017). Scale development. In S. Rogelberg (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of industrial and organizational psychology. Sage publications.
Ungar, M., & Liebenberg, L. (2011). Assessing resilience across cultures using mixed methods: Construction of the Child and youth resilience measure. Journal of Mixed Methods Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689811400607
Wong, P. T. P. (2011). Positive psychology 2.0: Towards a balanced interactive model of the good life. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 52(2), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022511
Wong, P. T. P. (2012). The meaning mindset: Measurement and implications. International Journal of Existential Psychology and Psychotherapy, 4(1), 1-3.
Wong, P. T. P. (2019). Second wave positive psychology’s (PP 2.0) contribution to counselling psychology. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 32(3–4), 275–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2019.1671320
Wong, P. T. P. (2020). Made for resilience and happiness: Effective coping with COVID-19 according to Viktor E. Frankl and Paul TP Wong. INPM Press.
Wong, P. T. P. (Ed.). (2023a). A second-wave positive psychology in counselling psychology: A paradigm shift. Routledge.
Wong, P. T. P. (2023b). Spiritual-existential wellbeing (SEW): The faith-hope-love model of mental health and total wellbeing. International Journal of Existential Positive Psychology, 12(1). https://www.meaning.ca/ijepp-article/vol12-no1/spiritual-existential-wellbeing/
Wong, P. T. P., & Arslan, G. (2020). The Resilient Mindset Measure. http://www.drpaulwong.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/The-resilient-mindset-measure-Wong-2020-Final.pdf
Wong, P. T. P., & Bowers, V. (2018). Mature happiness and global wellbeing in difficult times. In N. R. Silton (Ed.), Scientific concepts behind happiness, kindness, and empathy in contemporary society (pp. 112-134). IGI Global.
Wong, P. T. P., Mayer, C.-H., & Arslan, G. (2021). COVID-19 and existential positive psychology (PP2. 0): The new science of self-transcendence. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.800308
Wong, P. T. P., & Wong, L. (2012). A meaning-centered approach to building youth resilience. In P. T. P. Wong (Ed.), The human quest for meaning: Theories, research, and applications, 2nd ed. (pp. 585–617). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
Worthington, R. L., & Whittaker, T. A. (2006). Scale Development Research. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(6), 806–838. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000006288127
Xu, J., & Ou, L. (2014). Resilience and quality of life among Wenchuan earthquake survivors: The mediating role of social support. Public Health, 128(5), 430–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2014.03.002
- Abstract Viewed: 4464 times
- Download PDF Downloaded: 2121 times