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Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)

October 2025

Feeling connected, feeling less anxious: Self-esteem, social connectedness, and social anxiety in adults

  • Iida Henriikka Vedenpaa
  • Mustafa Batuhan Kurtoğlu

Journal of Happiness and Health, Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025), 1 October 2025 , Page 66-74
https://doi.org/10.47602/johah.v5i2.114 Published: 16.09.2025

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Abstract

How individuals evaluate themselves and to what extent social ties play an important role in their lives may show differences across cultures. The present study examined whether social connectedness mediated the relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety symptoms, controlling for anxiety disorder diagnosis, gender, and age in a Turkish sample, who reflect combination of both individualistic and collectivistic cultural characteristics. A sample of 402 adults (78.1% female, 21.9% male), aged 18 to 65 years (M = 28.72, SD = 8.07), participated in the study. Correlational analyses revealed that self-esteem was negatively associated with social anxiety and positively associated with social connectedness. Social connectedness was also negatively associated with social anxiety. Mediation analyses indicated that self-esteem significantly predicted both social connectedness (b = 0.96, p < .001) and social anxiety (b = −1.41, p < .001). Additionally, social connectedness significantly predicted lower social anxiety (b = −0.56, p < .001). Social connectedness partially mediated the relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety, as shown by a significant indirect effect (b = −0.54, 95% CI [−0.78, −0.32]). Together, self-esteem and social connectedness accounted for 32% of the variance in social anxiety symptoms. These findings underscore the importance of interventions aimed at enhancing both self-esteem and social connectedness to reduce social anxiety, with implications for psychological counseling and mental health services.

Keywords:
  • Social connectedness, social anxiety, self-esteem, mental heath
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How to Cite

Vedenpaa, I. H., & Kurtoğlu, M. B. (2025). Feeling connected, feeling less anxious: Self-esteem, social connectedness, and social anxiety in adults. Journal of Happiness and Health, 5(2), 66–74. https://doi.org/10.47602/johah.v5i2.114
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    245
  • School belongingness in academically at-risk adolescents: Addressing psychosocial functioning and psychological well-being
    236
  • Embracing life's challenges: Developing a tool for assessing resilient mindset in second wave positive psychology
    231
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Journal of Happiness and Health (JOHAH) is a peer-reviewed journal covering happiness and provides an international forum for the science of happiness and health. The JOHAH, which is published two times a year, is an open-access that publishes research outcomes with significant contributions to the understanding and improvement of happiness and health and publishes research regarding the happiness of populations across the life span. The journal publishes research free from all access barriers, allowing for global distribution and more citations.

Journal of Happiness and Health is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.