Feeling connected, feeling less anxious: Self-esteem, social connectedness, and social anxiety in adults
Journal of Happiness and Health,
Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025),
1 October 2025
,
Page 66-74
https://doi.org/10.47602/johah.v5i2.114
Abstract
How individuals evaluate themselves and to what extent social ties play an important role in their lives may show differences across cultures. The present study examined whether social connectedness mediated the relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety symptoms, controlling for anxiety disorder diagnosis, gender, and age in a Turkish sample, who reflect combination of both individualistic and collectivistic cultural characteristics. A sample of 402 adults (78.1% female, 21.9% male), aged 18 to 65 years (M = 28.72, SD = 8.07), participated in the study. Correlational analyses revealed that self-esteem was negatively associated with social anxiety and positively associated with social connectedness. Social connectedness was also negatively associated with social anxiety. Mediation analyses indicated that self-esteem significantly predicted both social connectedness (b = 0.96, p < .001) and social anxiety (b = −1.41, p < .001). Additionally, social connectedness significantly predicted lower social anxiety (b = −0.56, p < .001). Social connectedness partially mediated the relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety, as shown by a significant indirect effect (b = −0.54, 95% CI [−0.78, −0.32]). Together, self-esteem and social connectedness accounted for 32% of the variance in social anxiety symptoms. These findings underscore the importance of interventions aimed at enhancing both self-esteem and social connectedness to reduce social anxiety, with implications for psychological counseling and mental health services.
- Social connectedness, social anxiety, self-esteem, mental heath
How to Cite
References
Abbasi, M. S., Tarhini, A., Elyas, T., & Shah, F. (2015). Impact of individualism and collectivism over the individual’s technology acceptance behaviour. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 28(6), 747–768. https://doi.org/10.1108/jeim-12-2014-0124
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
Anthony, D. B., Wood, J. V., & Holmes, J. G. (2007). Testing sociometer
theory: Self-esteem and the importance of acceptance for social
decision-making. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 425–
Aune, T., Juul, E. M. L., Beidel, D. C., Nordahl, H. M., & Dvorak, R. D. (2020). Mitigating adolescent social anxiety symptoms: the effects of social support and social self-efficacy in findings from the Young-HUNT 3 study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01529-0
Ayed, A., Moath Abu Ejheisheh, Batran, A., Albashtawy, M., Salameh, W. A., Obeyat, A. H., Melhem, R. H., Shawawrha, I. O., & Batran, A. (2024). Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Self-esteem Among Undergraduate Nursing Students. INQUIRY the Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing, 61. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580241276146
Barreto, M., Victor, C., Hammond, C., Eccles, A., Richins, M. T., & Qualter, P. (2021). Loneliness around the world: Age, gender, and cultural differences in loneliness. Personality and Individual Differences, 169(169), 110066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110066
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The Need to belong: Desire for Interpersonal Attachments as a Fundamental Human Motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497–529. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
Calin, M. F., Sandu, M. L., & Chifoi, M. A. (2021b). The Role of Self Esteem in Developing Social Anxiety. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 26, 543–559. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v26i1.5364
Cho, J. H.-J., Olmstead, R., Choi, H., Carrillo, C., Seeman, T. E., & Irwin, M. R. (2018). Associations of objective versus subjective social isolation with sleep disturbance, depression, and fatigue in community-dwelling older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 23(9), 1130–1138. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2018.1481928
Cruz, S., Sousa, M., Marchante, M., & Coelho, V. A. (2023). Trajectories of social withdrawal and social anxiety and their relationship with self-esteem before, during, and after the school lockdowns. Scientific Reports, 13, 16376. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43497-w
Çuhadaroğlu, F. (1986). Self-esteem in adolescence. [Unpublished Master’s thesis] . Hacettepe university.
Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1(1), 16–29. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.1.16Semantic Scholar+4Arizona State University+4SCIRP+4
De Moor, E. L., Denissen, J. J. A., Emons, W. H. M., Bleidorn, W., Luhmann, M., Orth, U., & Chung, J. M. (2021). Self-esteem and satisfaction with social relationships across time. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 120(1), 173-191. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000379
Don, B. P., Girme, Y. U., & Hammond, M. D. (2019). Low Self-Esteem Predicts Indirect Support Seeking and Its Relationship Consequences in Intimate Relationships. Personality & social psychology bulletin, 45(7), 1028–1041. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218802837
Duru, E. (2007). Adaptation of the Social Connectedness Scale to Turkish culture. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 26, 85–94.
Duru, E., & Poyrazli, S. (2011). Perceived discrimination, social connectedness, and other predictors of adjustment difficulties among Turkish international students. International Journal of Psychology, 46(6), 446–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2011.585158
Enting, M., Jongerling, J., & Reitz, A. K. (2024). Self-esteem and social interactions in daily life: An experience sampling study. European Journal of Personality. https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070241292987
Fatima, M., Niazi, S., & Ghayas, S. (2017). Relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety: Role of social connectedness as a mediator. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 15(2), 12–17.
Field, A. P. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Fiordelli, M., Sak, G., Guggiari, B., Schulz, P. J., & Petrocchi, S. (2020). Differentiating objective and subjective dimensions of social isolation and apprasing their relations with physical and mental health in italian older adults. BMC Geriatrics, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01864-6
Fernandes, B., Newton, J., & Essau, C. A. (2022). The mediating effects of self-esteem on anxiety and emotion regulation. Psychological Reports, 125(2), 787-803. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294121996991
Forest, A. L., Sigler, K. N., Bain, K. S., O’Brien, E. R., & Wood, J. V. (2023). Self-esteem’s impacts on intimacy-building: Pathways through self-disclosure and responsiveness. Current Opinion in Psychology, 52, 101596–101596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101596
Harris, M. A., & Orth, U. (2019). The link between self-esteem and social relationships: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(6), 1459–1477. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000265
Harris, M. A., & Orth, U. (2020). The link between self-esteem and social relationships: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(6), 1459-1477. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000265
Hawes, M. T., Szenczy, A. K., Klein, D. N., Hajcak, G., & Nelson, B. D. (2021). Increases in depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Medicine, 52(14), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291720005358
Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750903310360
He, X. (2022). Relationship between Self-Esteem, Interpersonal Trust, and Social Anxiety of College Students. Occupational Therapy International, 2022, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8088754
Heu, L. C., van Zomeren, M., & Hansen, N. (2018). Lonely Alone or Lonely Together? A Cultural-Psychological Examination of Individualism–Collectivism and Loneliness in Five European Countries. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 45(5), 780–793. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218796793
Heu, L. C., van Zomeren, M., & Hansen, N. (2020). Does Loneliness Thrive in Relational Freedom or Restriction? The Culture-Loneliness Framework. Review of General Psychology, 25(1), 108926802095903. https://doi.org/10.1177/1089268020959033
Hidalgo-Fuentes, S., Martínez-Álvarez, I., Fátima Llamas-Salguero, Iris Suyapa Pineda-Zelaya, César Merino-Soto, & Chans, G. M. (2024). The role of Big Five traits and self-esteem on academic procrastination in Honduran and Spanish university students: a cross-cultural study. Heliyon, 10(16), e36172–e36172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36172
Hoffman, Y. S. G., Grossman, E. S., Bergman, Y. S., & Bodner, E. (2020). The link between social anxiety and intimate loneliness is stronger for older adults than for younger adults. Aging & Mental Health, 25(7), 1246–1253. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2020.1774741
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Sage Publications.
Hofstede, G. and Hofstede, J. (2005), Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Holas, P., Kowalczyk, M., Krejtz, I., Wisiecka, K., & Jankowski, T. (2021). Self-compassion mediates the relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety symptoms in socially anxious individuals. European Psychiatry, 64(S1), S616–S617. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1639
Holas, P., Kowalczyk, M., Krejtz, I., Wisiecka, K., & Jankowski, T. (2023). The relationship between self-esteem and self-compassion in socially anxious. Current Psychology, 42(12), 10271-10276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02305-2
Ilyas, U., & Dawood, S. (2024). Social anxiety, shyness-inhibition and conceptualized self: A qualitative investigation in collectivistic cultures. Human Nature Journal of Social Sciences, 5(2), 143–151. https://doi.org/10.71016/hnjss/ag7qq619
Ilyas, U., & Khan, S. D. (2023). Role of parenting and psychosocial correlates contributing to social anxiety in Asian adolescents: A systematic review. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, 20(7–9), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.31249/icn/2023.07.09.04
İlhan-Nas, T., & Özbay, E. (2024). The Impact of Social Factors on the Cultural Tendencies and Leadership Preferences: The Moderating Role of Organizational Culture. İş ve İnsan Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.1515364
Isserow, J. (2023). Self‐Esteem: On the Form of Self‐Worth Worth Having. Pacific Philosophical Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1111/papq.12434
Jefferies, P., & Ungar, M. (2020). Social anxiety in young people: a prevalence study in seven countries. PLOS ONE, 15(9), e0239133. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239133
Kainaat, F., Ullah, H. A., & Raza, A. (2024) Social Anxiety in Relation to Self-Esteem among University Students in Pakistan. (2024). International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 5(3), 125-141.
Kapoor, I. (2020). Social Anxiety Disorder Among Adolescents in Relation to Peer Pressure and Family Environment. Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 13(2), 923–929. https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/13.2/80
Krieg, A., & Xu, Y. (2023a). “Unpacking” cultural differences in social anxiety between Japanese and European Americans: the roles of threat appraisal and attentional bias. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1132918
Kotera, Y., Ronaldson, A., Hayes, D., Hunter-Brown, H., Merly McPhilbin, Dunnett, D., Tesnime Jebara, Simran Takhi, Masuda, T., Camacho, E., Ioannis Bakolis, Repper, J., Meddings, S., Stergiopoulos, V., Brophy, L., Clara De Ruysscher, Michail Okoliyski, Kubinová, P., Lene Eplov, & Toernes, C. (2024). Cross-Cultural Insights from Two Global Mental Health Studies: Self-Enhancement and Ingroup Biases. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-024-01307-y
Köhler, A., Heine, C., Hagemeyer, B., & Dufner, M. (2024). How Are Provided and Received Social Support Related to Relationship Satisfaction and Self-Esteem? A Comprehensive Test of Competing Hypotheses. Social Psychological and Personality Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241249816
Leary, M. R., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 32, pp. 1–62). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(00)80003-9
Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1995). Measuring belongingness: The Social Connectedness and the Social Assurance scales. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(2), 232–241. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.42.2.232
Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1998). The relationship between social connectedness and anxiety, self-esteem, and social identity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(3), 338–345. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.45.3.338
Lee, R. M., Dean, B. L., & Jung, K.-R. (2008). Social connectedness, extraversion, and subjective well-being: Testing a mediation model. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(5), 414–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.05.017
Li, L., Pan, K., Li, J., Jiang, M., Gao, Y., Yang, H., & Bian, G. (2024). The associations of social isolation with depression and anxiety among adults aged 65 years and older in Ningbo, China. Scientific Reports, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69936-w
Li, M., Zhong, B., Li, J., Li, J., Zhang, X., Luo, X., & Li, H. (2024). The influence of self-esteem on interpersonal and competence evaluations: electrophysiological evidence from an ERP study. Cerebral Cortex, 34(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae017
Liebowitz, M. R. (1987). Social Phobia. Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry, 22(1), 141–173. https://doi.org/10.1159/000414022
Lowe, J., & Harris, L. M. (2019). A comparison of death anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty and self-esteem as predictors of social anxiety symptoms. Behaviour Change, 36(3), 165–179. https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2019.11
Maes, M., Nelemans, S. A., Danneel, S., Fernández-Castilla, B., Van den Noortgate, W., Goossens, L., & Vanhalst, J. (2019). Loneliness and social anxiety across childhood and adolescence: Multilevel meta-analyses of cross-sectional and longitudinal associations. Developmental Psychology, 55(7), 1548–1565. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000719
Marigold, D. C., Cavallo, J. V. & Hirniak, A. (2020). Subjective perception or objective reality? How recipients’ self-esteem influences perceived and actual provider responsiveness in support contexts. Self and Identity, 19(6), 673–697. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2019.1652681
Murad, O. S. (2020a). Social Anxiety in Relation to Self-Esteem among University Students in Jordan. International Education Studies, 13(2), 96. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v13n2p96
Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Collins, N. L. (2006). Optimizing assurance: The risk regulation system in relationships. Psychological Bulletin, 132(5), 641–666. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.641
Nguyen, D. T., Wright, E. P., Dedding, C., Pham, T. T., & Bunders, J. (2019). Low self-esteem and its association with anxiety, depression, andsuicidal ideation in Vietnamese secondary school students: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 698. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00698
Nguyen, A. W., Harry Owen Taylor, Robert Joseph Taylor, Ambroise, A. Z., Hamler, T., Qin, W., & Chatters, L. M. (2024). The role of subjective, interpersonal, and structural social isolation in 12-month and lifetime anxiety disorders. BMC Public Health, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18233-2
Orth, U., & Robins, R. W. (2022). Is high self-esteem beneficial? Revisiting a classic question. American Psychologist, 77(1), 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000922
Poudel, A., Gurung, B., & Khanal, G. P. (2020). Perceived social support and psychological wellbeing among Nepalese adolescents: the mediating role of self-esteem. BMC Psychology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00409-1
Rapee, R. M., Magson, N. R., Forbes, M. K., Richardson, C. E., Johnco, C. J., Oar, E. L., & Fardouly, J. (2022). Risk for social anxiety in early adolescence: Longitudinal impact of pubertal development, appearance comparisons, and peer connections. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 154, 104126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2022.104126
Richter, J., & Finn, C. (2021). Transactions between self-esteem and perceived conflict in romantic relationships: A 5-year longitudinal study. PloS one, 16(4), e0248620. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248620
Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the Self. New York: Basic Books.
Rosenthal, S. R., & Tobin, A. P. (2022). Self-esteem only goes so far: the moderating effect of social media screen time on self-esteem and depressive symptoms. Behaviour & Information Technology, 42(15), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2022.2139759
Rustamov, E., Musayeva, T., Xalilova, X., Ismayilova, G., & Azad, U. N. (2023). Exploring the relationship between social connectedness and mental wellbeing: the mediating role of psychological resilience among adults in Azerbaijan. Discover Psychology, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-023-00080-8
Salavera, C., Usán, P., & Teruel, P. (2020). The mediating role of positive and negative affects in the relationship between self-esteem and happiness. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, Volume 13, 355-361. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S240917
Santini, Z. I., Jose, P. E., York Cornwell, E., Koyanagi, A., Nielsen, L., Hinrichsen, C., Meilstrup, C., Madsen, K. R., & Koushede, V. (2020). Social disconnectedness, Perceived isolation, and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety among Older Americans (NSHAP): a Longitudinal Mediation Analysis. The Lancet Public Health, 5(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30230-0
Schermer, J. A., Branković, M., Čekrlija, Đ., MacDonald, K. B., Park, J., Papazova, E., Volkodav, T., Iliško, D., Wlodarczyk, A., Kwiatkowska, M. M., Rogoza, R., Oviedo-Trespalacios, O., Ha, T. T. K., Kowalski, C. M., Malik, S., Lins, S., Navarro-Carrillo, G., Aquino, S. D., Doroszuk, M., & Riđić, O. (2023). Loneliness and Vertical and Horizontal Collectivism and Individualism: A Multinational Study. Current Research in Behavioral Sciences, 4, 100105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100105
Shang, A., Feng, L., Yan, G., & Sun, L. (2025). The relationship between self-esteem and social avoidance among university students: chain mediating effects of resilience and social distress. BMC Psychology, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02444-2
Shuai Lv, Chen, Z., Mao, J., Wang, H., Wu, P., & Hai, Y. (2024). The Relationship between Self-Esteem and Social Phobia among College Students: The Mediating Effect of Fear of Negative Evaluation and the Moderating Effect of Perfectionism. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 26(6), 491–498. https://doi.org/10.32604/ijmhp.2024.048917
Soykan, Ç., Özgüven, H. D., & Gençöz, T. (2003c). Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: The Turkish Version. Psychological Reports, 93(3_suppl), 1059–1069. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3f.1059
Stein, D. J., Lim, C. C. W., Roest, A. M., de Jonge, P., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., Alonso, J., Benjet, C., Bromet, E. J., Bruffaerts, R., de Girolamo, G., Florescu, S., Gureje, O., Haro, J. M., Harris, M. G., He, Y., Hinkov, H., Horiguchi, I., Hu, C., & Karam, A. (2017). The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. BMC Medicine, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2
Szcześniak, M., Mazur, P., Rodzeń, W., & Szpunar, K. (2021). Influence of life satisfaction on self-Esteem among young adults: the mediating role of self-presentation. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, Volume 14, 1473-1482. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S322788
Swann, W. B., Jr., & Read, S. J. (1981). Self-verification processes: How we sustain our self-conceptions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17(4), 351–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(81)90043-3
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (7th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Tandaçgüneş Kahraman, N., & Kalan, Ö. (2024). A cultural analysis of Generation Z’s perception of individualism and collectivisim in Turkish television commercials through a Hofstedian lens. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 0(67), 87–114. https://doi.org/10.26650/connectist2024-1508466
Taylor, S. E. (2020). How are social ties protective? The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 23, e41. https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2020.35
Van Tonder, J. I., Jordaan, J., & Esterhuyse, K. (2023). Self-esteem, Interpersonal Communication Competence, and Media and Technology Usage as Predictors of Loneliness Among University Students. SAGE Open, 13(1), 215824402211483. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221148379
Wickramaratne, P. J., Yangchen, T., Lepow, L., Patra, B. G., Glicksburg, B., Talati, A., Adekkanattu, P., Ryu, E., Biernacka, J. M., Charney, A., Mann, J. J., Pathak, J., Olfson, M., & Weissman, M. M. (2022b). Social connectedness as a determinant of mental health: A scoping review. PLoS One, 17(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275004
Yaqoob, S., Ishaq, M. I., Mushtaq, M., & Raza, A. (2023). Family or otherwise: Exploring the impact of family motivation on job outcomes in collectivistic society. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.889913
Yelpaze, İ., Deniz, M. E., & Satıcı, B. (2021). Association between social connectedness and well-being: A study of the mediating role of psychological vulnerability. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 11(62), 367–382. https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1001712
Yıldırım, M., Çağış, Z. G., Aziz, I. A., Rizzo, A., Turan, M. E., Nucera, G., Khabbache, H., Szarpak, L., Chirico, F., & Zaffina, S. (2024). The mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between social support and affective experiences among undergraduate students in Turkey. Acta Psychologica, 250, 104540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104540
Yuan, Y., Yang, Z., Zhou, Z., Wang, Y., Shen, H., Song, Y., Zhang, Y., Wen, X., Zhao, K., & Jiang, K. (2023). The relationship between self-esteem and happiness of college students in China:A moderated mediation model. Psychology Health & Medicine, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2023.2190985
Zhou, J., Li, X., Tian, L., & Huebner, E. S. (2020). Longitudinal association between low self‐esteem and depression in early adolescents: The role of rejection sensitivity and loneliness. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 93(1), 54–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12207
Zhou, J., West, T. N., Lee, S.-H., Choi, I., Hidefumi Hitokoto, Otake, K., Fredrickson, B. L., & Salvador, C. E. (2024). Do People From Different Cultures Vary in How Much Positive Emotions Resonate in Day-to-Day Social Interactions? Examining the Role of Relational Mobility. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 55(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221241235926
Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Gardner, A. A., Hawes, T., Masters, M. R., Waters, A. M., & Farrell, L. J. (2021). Rejection sensitivity and the development of social anxiety symptoms during adolescence: A five-year longitudinal study. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 45(3), 204–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025421995921
- Abstract Viewed: 93 times
- PDF Downloaded: 37 times